Indian Constitution Articles:
- 13(2): “The State shall not make any law which takes away Fundamental Rights and any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void”; ["use by the courts for judicial review"]
- 14: Right to Equality
- 15(3): Indian Constitution, the state is permitted to make special provisions for women and children
-
19: Right to Freedom
- 21: Roote of judicial activism; Right to Life & Personal Liberty ( Right to education, Right to privacy, right to shelter, right to pollution free environment, etc. all were declared FR under article 21)
- 22: A necessary evil; Protection against arrest and preventive detention in certain cases Called ‘the necessary evil’
- 25: Right to Freedom of Religion
- 31 B: Protect laws in 9th schedule from Judicial Review
- 31(c): inserted by 25th Amendments-1971- this gave primacy to DPSP over FR
- 32: heart and soul of the constitution; writ petition in SC against violation of FR
- 41: Right to work
- 43: Living wages for workers
- 43 A: Participate of workers in management of industries
- 44: Uniform civil code
- 50: Separation of Judiciary from Executive
- 60: Oath of the President of India, Preserve, protect and defend the constitution
- 61: Impeachment of President
- 67: No Impeachment required for removal of Vice President, a resolution of Rajya Sabha, accepted by Lok Sabha is required
- 69: Oath of the President of India
- 72: President has the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence (Commes under judicial review)
- 74: PM and Cabinet; President to act in accordance with of advice Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head.
- 75: The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister
- 75 (3): collective responsibility to Parliament
- 76: AG
- 78: PM: role, function, duties
- 79: Parliament of India
- 85(2): president situational discretion to dissolve the Lok Sabha
- 86: Right of President to address and send messages to both houses of Parliament
- 87: President addresses the joint session of Parliament. First day session of new General Election and First day session every year. no one Preside over it
- 99: Oath or affirmation by members Every member of either House of Parliament
- 102 (1): Speaker has no power to disqualify legislatures for office of profit and other reasons mentions 102(1)
- 102 (2): Speaker has power to disqualify legislatures for anti-defection
- 103: President is the final authority to decide on this matter 102
- 105: Parliamentary Privileges
- 108: Parliamentary Joint Sitting
- 109 and 110: Money Bill
- 109: Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
- 110: defined Money Bill and speaker power to determine the bill as money bill
-
112: Budget which is a statement of estimated receipts and expenditure (general discussion, Vote on Grants, appropriation bill, Finance bill)
- 119: Indian Constitution states that Parliament may regulate by law the procedure of, and the conduct of business in, each House of Parliament in relation to any financial matter or to any Bill for the appropriation of moneys out of the consolidated Fund of India
- 121: prohibits parliamentary debate on the conduct of any Supreme Court or High Court Judge in the course of his duties
- 122: Bar the courts to inquire into proceedings of Parliament
- 123: Presidential ordinance, 6 months and 6 weeks.
- 124: deals with the Establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court
- 131: SC Original Jurisdiction
- 132: appellate jurisdiction
- 141: Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.
- 142: gives exclusive power to the Supreme court to issue order as is necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it; provides discretionary power to the Supreme Court as it states that the Supreme Court in the exercise of its jurisdiction may pass such decree or make such order as is necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it. Recently, the SCI used this power to release A G Perarivalan, who had served over 30 years of life term in the Rajiv Gandhi killing case.
- 143: SC advisory jurisdiction. Giving advices to the President on substantial question of Law
- 144: Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Court
- 148: CAG
- 153: Governor in each state
- 156: Terms of Governor (Pleasure of President)
- 159: Oaths of Governor
- 161: The advice of the State Cabinet is binding on the Governor in matters relating to pardoning power and governor can't pardon in death sentence cases (Commes under judicial review)
- 165: Advocate-General for the State.
- 201: Reservation bill by Governor for President assertion (no constitutional amendment needed)
- 214 - 232: High Court
- 226: High Court has the power to issue or accept Writ for denial of any type of rights - include legal rights, constitutional rights and FR.
- 227: Power of HC to superintendent (administrative and judicial matters) over all of the courts and tribunals within their jurisdiction and territory
- 231: Common high court for two or more states; Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States
- 233: Appointment of district judges
- 239 - 242: Union territories
- 239: Administration of Union territories
- 239 A: Puducherry Legislative Assembly
- 239 AA: Delhi Legislative Assembly
- 243 A - 243 O: Panchayati Raj
- 243 K: Elections to the Panchayats
- 243 P - 243 ZG: Municipality
- 243 ZH - 243 ZT: Co-Operative Societies
- 243 A: Gram Sabha under Panchayati Raj System
- 244: Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas
- 245 to 263: Relations between Union and State
- 246: division of power between the Union and the States
- 249: Rajya Sabha can make Act from state list in the "national interests" by passing a resolution
- 250: Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation
- 253: Legislation for giving effect to international agreement
- 257: Union may give directions to a State
- 262: Parliament can make acts for river disputes
- 263: Inter-state council
-
280: Finance Commission
- 292 - 293: Borrowing power of the center and state is controlled
- 300A: "Right to Property", Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law.
- 308-323: Services Under the Union and the States
-
312: All India Services; Rajya Sabha can pass resolutions for creation of new all India public service common to both the Union and the States, and enables Parliament to create such a service by law
- 315 - 323: Public service commission
- 315: Public Service Commission (UPSC)
- 316: Tenure of members of public service commission
- 317: Removal of members of public service commission
- 323A: Administrative tribunals.
-
324: Election Commission (all the elections expect of Local government and speaker of Lok Sabha conduct by election commission)
- 324(5): Removal of CEC and EC's
- 329: Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters; Judiciary is barred from interference in the election process
- 330: Reservation for SC and ST in the House of People
- 331: Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People. Now repealed by 104th amendment
- 332: deals with the reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
- 338: National Commission for Scheduled Castes
- 338A: National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
- 338B: National Commission for Backward Classes
- 340: deals with appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes
- 343: Official language of the Union.
- 341: President power to declare a caste/tribe as Scheduled Caste
- 352: National Emergency. 6 months at a time, unlimited (a 'safety valve' and a 'dead letter' by B.R. Ambedkar)
- 356: State Emergency. 6 months at a time and 3 years
- 359: Suspension of FR during emergency
- 360: Financial emergency
- 365: State emergency if state refuses following direction of the union; failure to comply with the direction mean constitutional breakdown
- 368:Constitutional Amendments
- 370, 371, 371 (A-J): Special provisions for many states
- 370: J&K ; now repealed
Article 371
Article | State |
371 | Maharashtra and Gujarat |
371 A | Nagaland |
371 B | Assam |
371 C | Manipur |
371D & E | Andhra Pradesh |
371 F | Sikkim |
371G | Mizoram |
371H | Arunachal Pradesh |
371 I | Goa |
371J | districts of Hyderabad-Karnataka region |
Fundamental Rights available to both citizens and foreigners
Right to equality before law (14), right to life (20, 21), right to freedom of religion (25,26,27,28)
★★★
Likes
Books Related India and Indian polity